EXAM+REVIEW+2017

SBI3U EXAM OUTLINE - 2018

UNIT: GENETICS

 * Cell structures and organelles. Diagrams, definitions, roles of each organelle.
 * What are stem cells, and what can they do.
 * The cell cycle of a somatic cell and the stages of
 * What are the two stages of meiosis called? Explain what happens during each phase.
 * Identify the various stages of meiosis.
 * Compare meiosis and mitosis.
 * Identify those structures that make up the DNA molecule.
 * Identify sex-linked traits.
 * Describe Mendel’s experiments.
 * Why did Mendel use pea plants?
 * What are the differences between an F1 generation and F2 generation?
 * What is the relationship between dominant and recessive traits?
 * What are alleles?
 * What does the law of dominance state? How does Mendel’s experiments prove this?
 * Compare homozygous and heterozygous and genotype and phenotype.
 * What is the law of random segregation?
 * Be able to do the following types of crosses; monohybrid crosses, dehydrate crosses, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles and co dominance and sex linked problems. What is the difference between each of these crosses?
 * Explain probability.
 * Why is it important to use a punnett square?

UNIT: Evolution

 * Scientists and their contributions and personal theories on evolution:
 * Homologous: vs: Analogous features
 * The five areas of scientific proof that proves the theories of evolution
 * Define and state what the mechanisms of microevolution are and how they work.
 * Able to use examples from videos or text readings to enhance your short answers.
 * Peppered moth.
 * Artificial and Natural selection: how do they work and effect living organisms and their environment
 * What is Bacterial resistance and how can this affect us
 * ** What is Speciation **
 * Vestigial features

Digestion
**Substrate** (Starch, protein, lipids, sucrose, lactose)
 * What are the 4 macronutrient categories required in the human diet? Give one function of each in the body.
 * How are the 4 macronutrients built ( level of complexity)
 * How is an enzyme named? Give an example.
 * Review the diagram of the human digestive system and briefly list the functions of each part.
 * Where do physical digestion and chemical digestion occur in the human body?
 * Trace the pathway of a single nutrient molecule of any type from the entrance to the oral cavity to the anus, naming each structure through which it passes, what occurs at each stage, and what accessory glands contribute to the process.
 * What is the function of bile?
 * What is cholesterol? why is it required in the diet? Why is an excess dangerous?
 * Make a table which summarizes **__chemical digestion__** using the following headings:
 * Organ ** (mouth, stomach, liver, pancreas, small intestine)
 * Enzyme & Product ** eg. starch (amylase)  > maltose
 * Why does the stomach not normally digest itself
 * The small intestine is specialized for chemical digestion but also for the very important function of absorption.
 * Discuss 3 ways in which the **surface area** for absorption has been increased.
 * What is the main function of the colon (large intestine)?
 * What are some disorders or diseases in this particular system
 * What are some assistive technologies used in determining the disorders or diseases in the system

Respiration

 * Explain how gas exchange and cellular respiration are related.
 * List characteristics of all gas exchange surfaces and how they maximize diffusion.
 * Explain how swallowing food and gas exchange are kept separate.
 * Which parts of the gas exchange system contain mucus and cilia? What are these used for?
 * Compare the esophagus to the trachea in structure and function.
 * Why are alveoli in such close contact with capillaries?
 * Summarize inspiration and expiration in terms of: Action of diaphragm, Action of intercostal muscles, volume of thoracic cavity, pressure of air inside lungs, movement of air.
 * Draw a graph showing various inspirations, and expirations to illustrate the lung volumes and capacities. Label it.
 * What blood vessels and parts of the heart are closely linked to the lungs (pulmonary circulation)?
 * Trace the pathway a single molecule of oxygen (carbon dioxide) will take moving from the nasal cavity, to a body cell and back again. List all the structures in order, through which it passes and include any significant processes which occur.
 * Explain how the breathing rate is regulated
 * What are some disorders or diseases in this particular system
 * What are some assistive technologies used in determining the disorders or diseases in the system

Circulation

 * List 5 functions of the circulatory system.
 * How do white blood cells protect you from disease organisms? (2 ways)
 * How do red blood cells carry oxygen?
 * What do platelets do?
 * What is the function of plasma?
 * Compare veins, arteries and capillaries under the headings: Thickness and elasticity of wall, blood pressure, velocity of blood, function.
 * How is blood able to return to the heart through __veins__ against gravity?
 * Explain what is meant by the phrase "the human circulatory system is a double circuit, closed system with a double pump".
 * Compare systemic to pulmonary circulation with regard to side of the heart, oxygenation of the blood and destination of blood.\
 * Trace the pathway of a single red blood cell from the time it enters the right atrium makes a circuit through the blood vessels of your baby finger, until it returns to the right atrium again. Be as specific as you can; include all chambers, valves and blood vessels through which it passes and significant processes which occur.
 * What are some disorders or diseases in this particular system
 * What are some assistive technologies used in determining the disorders or diseases in the system

UNIT: DIVERSITY
 * How is the world of living things organized and classified?
 * Name the three domains and the six kingdoms.
 * State the differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
 * Bacteria: Staining techniques, processes of cell replication, classification of each type, structures.
 * What is binomial nomenclature? Give an example.
 * What is a dichotomous key, and how do you use or construct one.
 * Why is it important to use the scientific names of organisms?
 * Identify and explain the hierarchy of classification. Why is it important?
 * Why is genetic variation important to the survival of organisms?
 * What is phylogeny? How does it work? Create one.
 * Why do viruses not belong in the classification of living things? Define what a virus is and draw and label its components that it is made of.( bacteriophage virus/ T4)
 * Identify draw and explain various stages of lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle
 * Biotechnology that incorporates the use of viruses


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